Модель общественного реформирования Беларуси : между Польшей и Россией

Touch has been a part of the healing process in many civilisations and cultures throughout the centuries. Nurses frequently use touch to provide comfort and reach their patients. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of receiving tactile touch when being cared for in an intensive care unit. Tactile touch is a complementary method including the use of effleurage, which means soft stroking movements along the body. The context used to illuminate the meaning of receiving tactile touch was two general intensive care units (ICUs). Six patients, who have been cared for in the two ICUs, participated in the study. A phenomenological–hermeneutical method based on the philosophy of Ricoeur and developed for nursing research by Lindseth and Norberg [Lindseth A, Norberg A. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2004;18:145–53] was chosen for the analysis. Data consisted of narratives, which were analysed in three recurring phases: naïve understanding, structural analyses and comprehensive understanding. Two main themes were found: being connected to oneself and being unable to gain and maintain pleasure. The comprehensive understanding of receiving tactile touch during intensive care seems to be an expression of enjoying tactile touch and gaining hope for the future. This study reveals that it is possible to experience moments of pleasure in the midst of being a severely ill patient at an ICU and, through this experience also gain hope

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To provide care and be cared for in a multiple-bed hospital room.

Aims: To illuminate patients' experiences of being cared for and nurses' experiences of caring for patients in a multiple-bed hospital room. Background: Many patients and healthcare personnel seem to prefer single-bed hospital rooms. However, certain advantages of multiple-bed hospital rooms (MBRs) have also been described. Method: Eight men and eight women being cared for in a multiple-bedroom were interviewed, and two focus-group interviews (FGI) with 12 nurses were performed. A qualitative content analysis was used. Results: One theme -Creating a sphere of privacy- and three categories were identified based on the patient interviews. The categories were: Being considerate, Having company and The patients' area. In the FGI, one theme - Integrating individual care with care for all - and two categories emerged: Experiencing a friendly atmosphere and Providing exigent care. Both patients and nurses described the advantages and disadvantages of multiple-bed rooms. The patient culture of taking care of one another and enjoying the company of room-mates were considered positive and gave a sense of security of both patients and nurses. The advantages were slight and could easily become disadvantages if, for example, room-mates were very ill or confused. The patients tried to maintain their privacy and dignity and claimed that there were small problems with room-mates listening to conversations. In contrast, the nurses stressed patient integrity as a main disadvantage and worked to protect the integrity of individual patients. Providing care for all patients simultaneously had the advantage of saving time. Conclusions: The insights gained in the present study could assist nurses in reducing the disadvantages and taking advantage of the positive elements of providing care in MBRs. Health professionals need to be aware of how attitudes towards male and female patients, respectively, could affect care provision

Patients as 'Safeguard' and Nurses as 'Substitute' in Home Health Care

One aim of this study was to explore the role, or subject position, patients take in the care they receive from nurses in their own home. Another was to examine the subject position that patients say the nurses take when giving care to them in their own home. Ten interviews were analysed and interpreted according to a discourse analytical method. The findings show that patients constructed their subject position as ‘safeguard’, and the nurses’ subject position as ‘substitute’ for themselves. These subject positions provided the opportunities, and the obstacles, for the patients’ possibilities to receive care in their home. The subject positions described have ethical repercussions and illuminate that the patients put great demands on tailored care

Könsmönster i sjukskrivnings- och rehabiliteringsprocessen

Flera studier har identifierat könsskillnader inom hälso- och sjukvården gällande såväl bedömning som åtgärd. Kvinnor har en signifikant högre sjukfrånvaro och uppger en sämre självskattad hälsa. Föreliggande studie granskar könsmönster i sjukskrivnings- och rehabiliteringsprocessen före och efter en pedagogisk intervention på två vårdcentraler. Resultatet visade att kvinnor sjukskrevs i genomsnitt dubbelt så ofta som män på båda vårdcentralerna före intervention. Däremot observerades inga signifikanta skillnader inom rehabiliteringsprocessen. Ett förändrat könsmönster observerades på båda vårdcentralerna efter interventionen, någon statistiskt säkerställd effekt av interventionen kunde dock inte påvisas. En fördjupning och vidare forskning krävs för att utreda effekten av denna pedagogiska intervention. Resultat av denna studie visar att läkarens kön i relation till patientens inte hade någon betydelse för sjukskrivningen

Enjoying tactile touch and gaining hope when being cared for in intensive care--A phenomenological hermeneutical study Author's personal copy

Summary Touch has been a part of the healing process in many civilisations and cultures throughout the centuries. Nurses frequently use touch to provide comfort and reach their patients. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of receiving tactile touch when being cared for in an intensive care unit. Tactile touch is a complementary method including the use of effleurage, which means soft stroking movements along the body. The context used to illuminate the meaning of receiving tactile touch was two general intensive care units (ICUs). Six patients, who have been cared for in the two ICUs, participated in the study. A phenomenological-hermeneutical method based on the philosophy of Ricoeur and developed for nursing research by Lindseth and Norberg [Lindseth A, Norberg A. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2004;18:145-53] was chosen for the analysis. Data consisted of narratives, which were analysed in three recurring phases: naïve understanding, structural analyses and comprehensive understanding. Two main themes were found: being connected to oneself and being unable to gain and maintain pleasure. The comprehensive understanding of receiving tactile touch during intensive care seems to be an expression of enjoying tactile touch and gaining hope for the future. This study reveals that it is possible to experience moments of pleasure in the midst of being a severely ill patient at an ICU and, through this experience also gain hope